High-temperature alloys: cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb siv hauv aerospace
I. Txheej txheem cej luam
1. Kev sib xyaw ntawm high-temperature alloys
High-temperature alloys yog raws li hlau, npib tsib xee, thiab cobalt. Lwm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog chromium, aluminium, titanium, tungsten, molybdenum, thiab lwm yam. Raws li cov khoom siv hlau thawj zaug, lawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm siab tshaj 600 degree thiab nyob rau hauv qee qhov kev ntxhov siab rau lub sijhawm ntev. Lawv muaj qhov kub thiab txias zog thiab tsis kam. Nws muaj ntau yam zoo ntawm oxidation, kub corrosion kuj, qaug zog kev ua tau zoo, tawg toughness, thiab lwm yam.
2. Kev siv cov kub kub alloys
High-temperature alloys yog dav siv nyob rau hauv aerospace, nuclear zog, automotive kev lag luam, roj turbines, petrochemicals thiab lwm yam teb.
Los ntawm daim ntawv thov scenarios ntawm lub ntiaj teb no high-temperature alloy kev ua lag luam, aerospace teb tau ntev ranked thawj, accounting rau ntau tshaj 56% ntawm lub lag luam xav tau, thiab yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm aerospace xyaw thiab aerospace fasteners.
2. Kev faib tawm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias alloys
1. High-temperature alloys muab faib ua: raws li cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:
Hlau-raws li high-temperature alloys: muaj qis kev khiav hauj lwm kub, 600 ~ 850 degree, thiab feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub engine nrog qis khiav hauj lwm kub, xws li turbine disks, casings, shafts thiab lwm yam.
Nickel-based high-temperature alloys: muaj qhov ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws, txog 1000 degree, thiab tau dav siv los tsim qhov kub tshaj plaws ntawm turbojet aero engines thiab ntau yam roj turbines, xws li turbine hniav, qhia vanes, turbines, thiab lwm yam.
Cobalt-based high-temperature alloy: Kev ua haujlwm kub yog li 950 degree. Nws muaj qhov zoo castability thiab weldability. Nws yog tsuas yog siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv qhia hniav. Vim yog cov khoom siv cobalt tsawg, hom alloy no kim heev.
2. High-temperature alloys muab faib ua: raws li kev tsim khoom:
Deformed high-temperature alloy: Kev khiav hauj lwm kub yog 600-1000 degree . Nws feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv compressor disks thiab turbine disks hauv tshuab. Nws muaj lub zog qis thiab zoo plasticity, thermal ua thiab weldability.
Casting superalloys: tuaj yeem faib ua peb pawg: equiaxed crystal superalloys, directionally solidified columnar crystal superalloys thiab ib qho siv lead ua superalloys.
1) Equiaxed superalloy: Kev ua haujlwm kub yog 1000 degree . Nws txais yuav ib txwm siv peev txheej casting thiab muaj peev xwm kub tsis tshua muaj peev xwm. Nws yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv lub rear blades ntawm low-pressure turbines. Nws muaj ntau yam kev siv thiab tso nyiaj rau 0% ntawm tag nrho cov castings. 60-70% ntawm cov khoom, tab sis cov txiaj ntsig ntxiv ntawm cov khoom qis.
2) Directionally solidified cylindrical superalloy: Kev khiav hauj lwm kub yog 1000-1100 degree . Nws yog tsim los siv directional solidification technology thiab muaj peev xwm kub-kub bearing. Nws yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv cov hniav ua hauj lwm ntawm thawj ob peb theem ntawm cov tsis tshua muaj siab turbines, raws li zoo raws li thawj thiab thib ob theem ntawm high-pressure turbines nyob rau hauv ib co cav. Class 1 rotor blades, daim ntawv thov Scope yog txwv rau rotor hniav, thiab cov nyiaj tau los ntxiv ntawm cov khoom yog siab dua.
3) Ib leeg siv lead ua superalloy: Kev ua haujlwm kub yog 1200 degree. Nws yog tsim los siv directional solidification thiab siv lead ua xaiv tshuab. Nws muaj qhov kub siab tshaj plaws-cov kabmob muaj peev xwm. Nws yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv high-pressure log hniav ntawm advanced engine thiab thawj ob theem ntawm low-pressure turbine hniav. Lub peev xwm ntawm daim ntawv thov yog txwv rau cov hniav ua haujlwm. Cov khoom lag luam Cov nyiaj tau los ntau tshaj plaws.
Tshiab high-temperature alloys: hais txog high-temperature alloy cov ntaub ntawv uas tsim los ntawm tshiab manufacturing txheej txheem, feem ntau suav nrog hmoov high-temperature alloys thiab dispersion-strengthened high-temperature alloys (ODS).
1) hmoov kub-kub alloy: siv kub yog 1100 degree. Lub high-temperature alloy yog atomized rau hauv cov hmoov, thiab ces kub isostatic nias los yog kub isostatic nias thiab forging yog siv los tsim high-temperature alloy khoom. Nws muaj tus nqi siv hlau siab thiab tus nqi qis. Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab kuj muaj peev xwm kub-txias. Nws yog tam sim no tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv turbine discs thiab turbine hniav. Nws yog cov khoom siv zoo heev rau cov khoom kub kub xws li turbine discs, compressor discs, thiab turbine baffles nyob rau hauv cov cav nrog siab thrust-rau-qhov hnyav piv.
2) Dispersion-strengthened high-temperature alloy (ODS): nrog rau kev khiav hauj lwm kub ntawm 1200 degree, nws yog ua los ntawm ib tug zoo xws li cov hmoov metallurgy txheej txheem thiab muaj peev xwm kub-kub bearing. Nws yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv cov nplaim taws, qhia vanes thiab turbine hniav.
Cov khoom tseem ceeb
