Daim duab ob tus kws ua zaub mov npaj tib lub tais. Ib tug siv ib daim ntawv qhia ib txwm dhau mus rau tiam neeg - ntseeg tau, pov thawj, thiab tus nqi- zoo. Lwm tus siv molecular gastronomy-paj, txiav-ntug, thiab kim. Ob qho tib si tsim cov txiaj ntsig zoo, tab sis rau cov neeg noj mov sib txawv nrog cov kev xav tau sib txawv.
Qhov no yog raws nraim qhov kev xaiv aerospace engineers fim thaum tsim turbine hniav. Koj puas mus nrog cov pa peev casting, los yog koj puas caij nplooj ntoos hlav rau kev taw qhia solidification? Cov lus teb tsis yog ib txwm pom tseeb, thiab xaiv qhov tsis ncaj ncees yuav raug nqi ntau lab.
Cia kuv qhia koj seb yuav txiav txim siab li cas.
Kev nqis peev Casting: Txoj Kev Ua Haujlwm
Xav txog kev peev casting raws li kev txhim khu kev qha Honda Civic ntawm cov hniav tsim. Nws tau nyob ib puag ncig txij li lub sijhawm qub (yog, cov neeg Iyiv siv cov qauv ntawm cov txheej txheem no), thiab nws ua haujlwm zoo nkauj rau suav tsis txheeb.
Nov yog nws ua haujlwm li cas:Koj tsim ib tug qauv siv quav ciab, coated nrog ceramic, yaj tawm cov quav ciab, thiab ncuav molten superalloy rau hauv kab noj hniav. Cov hlau ua kom muaj zog ib txwm los ntawm txhua qhov kev taw qhia ib zaug -zoo li cov dej khov ua rau ntawm lub pas dej ua ke ib txhij txhua qhov chaw uas cov dej kov cov cua txias.
Qhov tshwm sim? Ib rab nrogequiaxed nplej-lub ntsiab lus randomly oriented crystals xws li microscopic mus rau ob peb millimeters thoob. Xav txog ib pawg ntawm cov tsuav tawg ri niab rau ntawm ib lub rooj, txhua qhov taw qhia sib txawv. Qhov ntawd yog koj cov qauv nplej.
Qhov zoo yog yuam kev:
Nqi: Kev nqis peev casting tuaj yeem yog 40-60% pheej yig dua li cov kev taw qhia. Thaum koj tab tom tsim ntau pua cov hniav rau kev lag luam dav hlau lossis lub zog tsim hluav taws xob, qhov no ntxiv txog ntau lab nyiaj.
Ceev: Ntau cov hniav tuaj yeem muab pov tseg ib txhij hauv ib lub voj voog ntawm lub cub tawg. Ib qho kev ua haujlwm raug tsim tawm tuaj yeem nrum 20-30 hniav ib zaug, nrog cov voj voog ua tiav hauv cov xuab moos es tsis yog hnub.
Ntau yam: Cov txheej txheem tswj cov geometry nyuaj zoo nkauj thiab ua haujlwm nrog ntau yam alloys. Xav tau ib tug hniav nrog txawv curves los yog attachments? Peev casting adapts yooj yim.
Tab sis muaj kev lag luam tawm - tawm.Cov ciam teb uas kuv tau hais? Lawv yog cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj zog. Ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, atoms tuaj yeem txav mus raws li cov ciam teb no, ua rau nkag tau - maj mam deformation hauv kev ntxhov siab. Xav txog nws zoo li ib tug snowman maj mam sagging rau hnub sov.
Rau cov ntawv thov khiav qis dua 950℃lossis qhov twg tus nqi tseem ceeb tshaj qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, peev casting tseem yog qhov kev xaiv ntse. Kev lag luam roj turbines, cov dav hlau dav hlau qub, thiab tsawg dua - theem turbine ntxhov siab tag nrho cia siab rau txoj kev ua pov thawj no.
Directional Solidification: Kev Ua Tau Zoo Tshaj Plaws
Tam sim no xav txog tias koj tsis tsim lub Civic -koj tab tom tsim lub tsheb sib tw Formula 1. Txhua gram ntawm qhov hnyav tseem ceeb. Txhua qib ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tau txhais mus rau kev sib tw kom zoo dua. Qhov no yog qhov kev taw qhia kev sib koom ua ke (DS) thiab nws qhov kawg evolution, ib zaug -crystal (SC) casting, tuaj.
Qhov txawv qhov tseem ceeb?Tswj cua txias ntawm hauv qab mus rau saum.
Cov pwm ceramic zaum saum dej- phaj txias hauv lub qhov cub tshwj xeeb. Raws li lub rooj sib txoos maj mam thim tawm ntawm thaj chaw tshav kub-qee zaum ntawm tus nqi qeeb li 3-6 millimeters ib teev- crystals loj hlob mus rau hauv cov kab sib dhos. Nws zoo li loj hlob ib lub vaj siv lead ua, tshwj tsis yog koj lub vaj xav tau los ua ib qho kev ua haujlwm dav dav dav dav.
Hauvcolumnar DS hniav, koj tau txais cov nplej zoo li vertically zoo li xyoob stalks - txo qis qis kab rov tav kab lis kev cai uas cov kab nrib pleb feem ntau nthuav tawm.
Hauvib leeg - cov hniav siv lead ua, geometric grain selector ntawm lub hauv paus ua kom tsuas yog ib qho siv lead ua muaj sia nyob kom loj hlob rau hauv cov hniav. Tag nrho cov khoom ua ib qho siv lead ua loj heev, tshem tawm cov ciam teb yuav luag tag nrho. Nws yog metallurgical sib npaug ntawm carving ib tug pej thuam los ntawm ib tug blocks ntawm marble es assembling nws los ntawm cib.
Cov kev ua tau zoo yog staggering:
Kub kam rau ua: Ib leeg- cov hniav siv lead ua tuaj yeem ua haujlwm 100-150℃kub dua li cov khoom sib npaug sib npaug. Nyob rau hauv dav hlau cav, qhov no txhais ncaj qha mus rau zoo roj efficiency thiab ntau thrust.
Creep kuj: Tsis muaj qhov ciam teb rau cov atom mus rau hauv, cov hniav no tiv taus deformation zoo dua thaum muaj kev kub ntxhov siab - ua haujlwm kub.
Lub neej ntev: Niaj hnub no ib leeg- cov hniav siv lead ua tuaj yeem kav ntev li 25, 000+ cov sij hawm ya davhlau- sib npaug ntawm kev ya los ntawm New York mus rau Los Angeles ntau dua 10,000 zaug.
Cov downsides?
Lub sijhawm thiab nyiaj txiag. Ib zaug -crystal casting voj voog yuav siv sij hawm 24-48 teev rau ib txhais tes ntawm cov hniav xwb. Cov khoom siv raug nqi ntau lab. Cov kws tshaj lij uas xav tau yog qhov tsawg thiab muaj txiaj ntsig. Kev tsis lees paub tus nqi tuaj yeem tsoo 40% vim tias txhua yam khoom tsis zoo ua rau tag nrho cov hniav.
Ib tug kws ua haujlwm hauv aerospace hais rau kuv tias: "Peb yeej tseem twv txiaj $5,000-$10,000 txhua zaus peb sim ua ib lub pob zeb ci ntsa iab. Qee zaum cov tsuav tsis yob peb txoj kev."
Yog li Koj Xaiv Li Cas?
Cov ntoo txiav txim siab zoo li no:
Xaiv Peev Casting thaum:
Kev ua haujlwm kub nyob qis dua 950 degree
Kev ntim ntau lawm yog siab (ntau pua txog txhiab)
Kev txwv nyiaj txiag yog qhov tseem ceeb
Daim ntawv thov tsis yog lub luag haujlwm- tseem ceeb (kev lag luam kev siv, kev tsim lub cav qub)
Lub sij hawm ua ntej yog luv
Xaiv Directional Solidification thaum:
Txhua qhov ntsuas kub muaj peev xwm tseem ceeb
Cov hniav ua haujlwm hauv qhov kub tshaj plaws ntawm lub cav (siab-siab turbine theem)
Lub neej ua haujlwm ntev ua pov thawj tus nqi pib dua
Koj tab tom tsim kev txiav -ntev dav hlau lossis tshuab tsim hluav taws xob
Performance trumps economics
Tiag -world piv txwv:Lub cav CFM56 (powering Boeing 737s thiab Airbus A320s) siv cov pa roj hmab cam khwb cia nyob rau hauv cov theem txias thiab directionally solidified hniav nyob rau hauv qhov kub tshaj plaws seem. Nws tsis yog ib qho - lossis kev xaiv - nws yog hais txog kev sib piv rau txoj haujlwm.
Nruab Nrab Nruab Nrab: Kem DS
Tsis muaj peev xwm them taus ib leeg - crystal tab sis xav tau kev ua tau zoo dua li cov khoom siv niaj hnub? Kab lus qhia kev sib zog ua kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb - ua kom cov nplej tsis muaj teeb meem ntawm kev loj hlob ib qho zoo meej siv lead ua. Koj tau txais tej zaum 70% ntawm qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm 50% ntawm tus nqi nplua.
Ntau lub cav niaj hnub siv qhov kev sib tw no: ib zaug -crystal rau thawj-theem turbine blades (qhov kub tshaj plaws), columnar DS rau thib ob-theem, thiab cov pa roj hmab rau txhua yam.
Kab hauv qab
Kev xaiv ntawm kev nqis peev casting thiab kev taw qhia kev sib koom ua ke tsis yog hais txog cov thev naus laus zis "zoo dua"- nws yog hais txog cov cuab yeej siv zoo raukoj daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb.
Koj puas siv daim tawv nqaij phais kom txiav zaub? Koj puas yuav siv rab riam hauv chav ua noj rau kev phais hlwb? Tau kawg tsis. Tib lub logic siv tau ntawm no.
Nkag siab txog kev ua lag luam- tawm ntawm tus nqi, kev ua tau zoo, ntim ntau lawm, thiab kev ua haujlwm ua haujlwm pab koj txiav txim siab paub. Qee lub sij hawm cov lus teb zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, kev lag luam tshaj plaws. Lwm lub sijhawm, tsuas yog cov thev naus laus zis tshaj plaws yuav ua.
Koj daim ntawv thov yog dab tsi?Puas yog koj tsim qauv rau tus nqi -kev ua tau zoo lossis thawb kev ua haujlwm ciam teb? Cov lus teb txiav txim siab seb koj yuav tsum taug txoj kev twg - thiab ob txoj hauv kev ua rau kev ua tiav engineering zoo kawg li.
